ABSTRACT
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM/QUESTION: People who are experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles do not have access to reliable clean water to practice hand hygiene, have limited ability to socially distance due to shelter space limitations, and may not have the finances to obtain a protective mask or keep one clean if they have one in their possession, which compromises their ability to protect themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM/INTERVENTION: Internal MedicinePediatrics residents of Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center (LAC+USC) created a health education program within interim housing and shelter sites affiliated with the Department of Health Services (DHS) Housing for Health organization to help decrease the risk for covid-19 outbreaks within the population of people experiencing homelessness. The primary intervention consisted of evidence-based health education sessions using powerpoint presentations, informed by an initial survey of common questions fielded by community stakeholders, then followed by open discussion between the resident physicians, shelter staff, and shelter clientele. MEASURES OF SUCCESS: Measuring the efficacy of the intervention included immediate verbal feedback from clients and staff after the health education, as well as pre- and post-surveys. Pre-surveys assessed staff's perception of their client population's understanding of COVID-19 and their adherence to public health recommendations (wearing masks, practicing frequent hand washing, practicing social distancing). After a minimum of one month, post-surveys were sent to staff to evaluate if there was an improvement in client understanding and adherence to public health recommendations. FINDINGS TO DATE: 10 total educational sessions were completed for clients and staff at DHS sites. Staff noted that 4 to 5 clients were: wearing masks 87.5% of the time prior to the intervention and 100% after, practicing good hand hygiene 62.5% of the time prior and 83.3% after, and practicing social distancing 62.5% of the time prior and 100% after. KEY LESSONS FOR DISSEMINATION: Health education interventions within shelter and interim-housing populations can be effective in behavioral modification for disease prevention of covid-19 infection.
ABSTRACT
Pandemic respiratory viral pathogens like Influenza A and SARS COV2 exhibit continuous and evasive mutations in cell surface molecules, making vaccination with the goal of antibody-mediated protection elusive. CD8 T cells mediate eradication of viral disease, and vaccination to conserved internal viral proteins to elicit CD8 T cell memory is a promising strategy. Using a mouse model, we compared pulmonary infection with H1N1 influenza with skin (epidermal) vaccination using Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing highly conserved NP or another conserved Ags. H1N1 influenza pulmonary infection led to recruitment and lung infiltration with Ag specific CD8 T cells by day 5-10. By day 40, abundant CD8 lung TRM and LN TCM were present. Surprisingly, by day 80, both lung TRM and systemic TCM cells were greatly diminished and were absent at day 120. These mice were protected against lethal challenge at day 40 but not day 80, suggesting built-in obsolescence of CD8 memory. In contrast, epidermal vaccination led to CD8 T cell infiltration of lung at day 5-10, measurable at day 40 and still detectable at day 80 in lung, LN and spleen. In addition, a novel intravascular lung population of CD8 T cells was present at all time points. These mice were completely protected against lethal flu challenge at day 80 and 120. Protection was observed after pulmonary challenge with either H1N1 or H3N2 influenza as well as in B cell depleted mice. We analyzed protective immunity in skin vaccinated mice. At 2 hours after pulmonary challenge, Ag specific CD8 T cells moved from the intravascular space into the lung parenchyma, were abundant at day 3 and persisted for >80 days. Single cell RNA sequencing indicated that these intravascular T cells were transcriptionally distinct from systemic TEM and TCM. We conclude that CD8 T cell immunity after pulmonary infection is powerful but short-lived, while skin vaccine induced CD8 T cell protective immunity is mediated by lung intravascular T cells is protective and durable.
ABSTRACT
In order to realize the security of prison perimeter, a prison perimeter intelligent monitoring system based on cloud intelligence technology is designed. Based on the multisupply chain collaboration framework, the prison network interface submodule and sniffer monitoring structure are connected on demand to complete the hardware execution environment of the prison perimeter intelligent monitoring system. Analyze the specific service mode of the cloud smart technology host, set the necessary cloud smart technology service monitoring protocol, judge the processing information parameters, select the prison perimeter remote communication port number, set the prison perimeter network IP address and password program, complete the construction of the software execution environment of the monitoring system, and intelligently monitor and track the abnormal conditions around the prison;combined with the relevant hardware and software structure, the design of prison perimeter intelligent monitoring system based on cloud intelligence technology is realized. The experimental results show that the DPI index of the designed system has an obvious upward trend, and the processing results are close to the original image results to avoid the impact caused by the change of monitoring scene.
ABSTRACT
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a rapidly developing technology used for accurate, quantitative analysis of rare samples. However, ddPCR has only been implemented in research field but rarely in clinical trials due to its relatively high cost and negative user experiences compared with qPCR. We developed a novel programmable on-demand droplet generator based on a microfluidic adaptive printing system (MAP-ddPCR) to create a cost-effective ddPCR process. This process easily produces low-volume, spot-on-demand droplet dispensing and data analysis using simple equipment and workflow. Compared with the existing droplet generation systems that rely on surface-assistant, the proposed MAP system generates a variety of droplet arrays on regular non-surface-treated glass slides. This system directly processes PCR and performs data analysis without requiring a secondary droplets transfer. The static and independent properties of each droplet dramatically avoid cross-contamination during PCR, provide the opportunity to trace droplets in real-time and simplify the analysis. We demonstrated that the MAP-ddPCR produces reliable data using gradient concentrations of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in human genomic cDNA. These concentrations were further verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In addition, a very low viral load of SARS-CoV-2 was precisely detected and quantified by the MAP-ddPCR system. Finally, this system is affordable and simpler to integrate compared to other more expensive commercial digital PCR methods. Therefore, the proposed MAP-ddPCR system is expected to have a significant impact on market applications. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.